USSR - 1921 - 100 Most Important Events

1921 год стал переломным для молодого Советского государства. Завершение Гражданской войны, Кронштадтское восстание, переход к Новой экономической политике (НЭП) и страшный голод — все эти события сформировали уникальный и сложный ландшафт, определивший дальнейшее развитие страны. Этот год был наполнен драматическими решениями, борьбой за выживание и попытками построить новое общество на руинах старого. Представляем вашему вниманию подборку из 100 важнейших событий, которые характеризуют этот насыщенный период.
- Начало Кронштадтского восстания (28 февраля).
- Принятие резолюции о замене продразверстки продналогом на X съезде РКП(б) (март).
- Официальное провозглашение Новой экономической политики (НЭП) (март).
- Подавление Кронштадтского восстания (18 марта).
- Подписание Рижского мирного договора с Польшей, завершившего Советско-польскую войну (18 марта).
- X съезд РКП(б) (8-16 марта).
- Принятие резолюции X съезда РКП(б) "О единстве партии".
- Начало массового голода в Поволжье и других регионах.
- Обращение В.И. Ленина к международному пролетариату с призывом о помощи голодающим.
- Создание Всероссийского комитета помощи голодающим (Помгол) (июль).
- Роспуск Помгола и арест его членов (сентябрь).
- Подписание торгового соглашения с Великобританией (16 марта).
- Подписание торгового соглашения с Германией (6 мая).
- Подписание торгового соглашения с Норвегией (2 сентября).
- Подписание торгового соглашения с Австрией (7 декабря).
- Подписание торгового соглашения с Италией (26 декабря).
- Установление дипломатических отношений с Афганистаном.
- Установление дипломатических отношений с Турцией.
- Установление дипломатических отношений с Персией (Ираном).
- Образование Закавказской Социалистической Федеративной Советской Республики (ЗСФСР) (12 марта).
- Включение Грузии в состав ЗСФСР (25 февраля).
- Включение Армении в состав ЗСФСР (29 ноября 1920, но последствия ощущались в 1921).
- Включение Азербайджана в состав ЗСФСР (28 апреля 1920, но последствия ощущались в 1921).
- Образование Горской АССР (20 января).
- Образование Дагестанской АССР (20 января).
- Образование Туркестанской АССР.
- Образование Бухарской Народной Советской Республики.
- Образование Хорезмской Народной Советской Республики.
- Начало проведения денежной реформы (частичной).
- Отмена всеобщей трудовой повинности.
- Разрешение частной торговли.
- Разрешение мелкого частного предпринимательства.
- Начало денационализации мелких предприятий.
- Введение концессий для иностранного капитала.
- Восстановление товарно-денежных отношений.
- Открытие первых частных магазинов и рынков.
- Начало работы Государственного банка РСФСР (октябрь).
- Укрепление червонца (начало процесса).
- Принятие нового Гражданского кодекса РСФСР (начало разработки).
- Принятие нового Земельного кодекса РСФСР (начало разработки).
- Принятие нового Трудового кодекса РСФСР (начало разработки).
- Начало борьбы с бандитизмом и повстанческим движением (Антоновщина, Махновщина).
- Suppression of the Antonov rebellion in Tambov province (summer).
- The defeat of Makhno's main forces in Ukraine.
- Intensification of the fight against the church and religious organizations.
- Confiscation of church valuables (beginning of the process).
- The beginning of the campaign to eradicate illiteracy (literacy).
- Creation of the first workers' faculties.
- Development of the vocational education system.
- The beginning of the restoration of the destroyed industry.
- Restoration of railway transport.
- The beginning of the electrification of the country (GOELRO plan).
- Launch of the first power plants according to the GOELRO plan.
- Increase in coal and oil production.
- Restoration of the metallurgical industry.
- The beginning of the restoration of agriculture after the food tax.
- Increasing the area under cultivation.
- Increased crop yields (in some regions).
- Creation of the first agricultural cooperatives.
- Development of the cooperative movement in general.
- Strengthening the Red Army.
- Reduction of the Red Army's size after the Civil War.
- Transition to a territorial-militia system of army recruitment.
- The beginning of the development of a new military doctrine.
- Strengthening the role of the Cheka in the fight against counterrevolution.
- Conducting mass arrests and repressions.
- Establishment of the first concentration camps (expansion of the system).
- Tightening of censorship.
- Strengthening ideological control.
- The beginning of a discussion about the role of trade unions.
- Adoption of the resolution of the 10th Congress of the RCP(b) "On the role and tasks of trade unions".
- Strengthening of V.I. Lenin's position in the party.
- Strengthening the fight against factionalism within the RCP(b).
- The beginning of the formation of a one-party system.
- Development of Soviet culture and art.
- Creation of new theatres and cultural institutions.
- Development of cinematography.
- The beginning of publication of new literary magazines.
- Development of avant-garde art.
- The beginning of the formation of Soviet science.
- Creation of new research institutes.
- Development of higher education.
- The beginning of the fight against homelessness.
- Creation of orphanages and communes.
- Development of the healthcare system.
- Fight against epidemics (typhus, cholera).
- Establishment of the first sanatoriums and resorts.
- Development of physical education and sports.
- Creation of sports societies.
- The beginning of construction of new cities and towns.
- Rebuilding destroyed cities.
- Development of housing construction.
- The beginning of the formation of the Soviet legal system.
- Creation of people's courts.
- Development of the prosecutor's office.
- The beginning of the formation of the Soviet financial system.
- Introduction of new taxes.
- Development of the banking system.
- The beginning of the formation of Soviet foreign policy.
- Participation in the Genoa Conference (preparation).
- Strengthening ties with communist parties in other countries.
- Development of the Comintern.
- The beginning of the formation of the Soviet system of public administration.
- Strengthening the Soviets.
- Development of local authorities.
- The beginning of the formation of the Soviet planning system.
- Development of the first plans for economic development.
- Strengthening centralized economic management.
- The beginning of the formation of the Soviet system of social protection.
- Introduction of pensions and benefits (limited).
- Development of the social insurance system.
1921 was a year of survival and transformation for Soviet Russia. The abandonment of "War Communism" and the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), despite its contradictions, allowed the country to avoid complete economic collapse and lay the foundations for further development. However, the year was also marked by tragedies, such as famine and the suppression of uprisings, highlighting the complexity and brutality of that historical period. The events of 1921 left a deep mark on history.USSR , determining many features of its future.
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